Keloid Scar Tissues

With the skin's constant ability to shed old cells and create new ones, cuts, wounds and incisions are repaired.

However, it is this very process that also results in scars of all shapes and sizes. While a visible scar may be the end to the healing process, the results vary with the individuals and methods used to help the body speed skin repair.

A scar is growth of collagen beneath the skin that is formed as the result of wound healing; therefore, every cut or injury to the skin heals to form a scar.

A scar usually takes 12 to 18 months to fully mature.

Not all scars are the result of wounds, burns, surgeries and accidents. Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungus, or viruses can also result in scarring. For example, acne often leaves a variety of scars, and stretch marks are a form of scars caused by weight loss or growth.

Early in the process, scars are red or dark and raised, but will become paler and flatter over time. It can take up to 24 months for a scar to develop and mature to its stable form and appearance.

There are three different types of scars --- atrophic, hypertrophic, and keloids. Atrophic scars are depressed and cause a valley or hole in the skin. Hypertrophic scars are elevated and will subside with time.

Keloids are actually non-malignant tumors formed by scar tissue that exceeds the boundaries of an original incision or injury. Keloidal scars are elevated, expansive and continue to grow. In addition to appearance, location and orientation are also important considerations in determining scar type. If a scar is thickened, does not invade normal tissue, and lies across the relaxed skin tension lines (creases in the skin), then it is a hypertrophic scar. If it is elevated and invading normal tissue, then it is a keloid scar.

Keloids have the appearance of a raised amorphous growth and are frequently associated with pruritus and pain. Microscopy observation reveals randomly organized collagen fibers in a dense connective tissue matrix. In normal scars, the collagen bundles are arranged parallel to the skin surface.

An hypertrophic scar is a widened or unsightly scar that does not extend beyond the original boundaries of the wound. Unlike keloids, an hypertrophic scar reaches a certain size and subsequently stabilizes or regresses. Similar to keloids, hypertrophic scars are associated with adverse wound healing factors.

Last Modified: April 15, 2009

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